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1.
Rev. Investig. Salud. Univ. Boyacá ; 2(2): 131-147, 2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-909566

RESUMO

Introducción: La fibrobroncoscopia es un procedimiento diagnóstico de exploración e inspección directa de las vías aéreas superiores e inferiores. Objetivo: Caracterizar los estudios de fibrobroncoscopia en pacientes del Hospital San Rafael de Tunja. Materiales y métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo con fase analítica. El universo de estudio fueron 711 reportes; no se determinó el tamaño de muestra. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: presencia de variables y legibilidad del reporte. Resultados: Se analizaron 704 fibrobroncoscopias. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 58,9 años, con un mínimo de 13 y un máximo de 92. La mayoría de las intervenciones se hicieron en el sexo masculino (61,9 %). Según la localización anatómica y el sexo, el compro-miso bronquial fue el más frecuente (27,7 %) (n=195). Como procedimiento diagnóstico, la fibrobroncoscopia se usa con mayor frecuencia en la atelectasia pulmonar (42,3 %) (n=298), seguida de la neumopatía intersticial (15,2 %) (n=107). Entre los procesos terapéuticos, el lavado bronquial correspondió al 4,5 % (n=32). Se evidenció una correlación estadística-mente significativa entre el diagnóstico principal y los rangos de edad (p=0,00), y entre el diagnóstico principal y el año de realización (p=0,00). Conclusiones: Las edades de la población estudiada oscilaron entre los 13 y los 92 años. El compromiso bronquial se identificó como el más frecuente. La fibrobroncoscopia, como procedimiento diagnóstico, confirma la impresión diagnóstica de atelectasia, evidenciando una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre este diagnóstico, los rangos de edad y el año de realización.


Introduction: Fibrobroncoscopy is a diagnostic procedure for direct exploration and inspection of the superior and inferior airways. Objective: To characterize fibrobroncoscopy studies of the patients of the Hospital San Rafael in Tunja. Materials and methods: This study was retrospective, observational, and descriptive with an analytic phase. The universe of our study was 711 fibroncoscopy reports. The sample's size was not determined. The inclusion judgement was: variables presence and legibility on the report. Results: Seven hundred and four fibrobroncoscopies were analyzed. The average age was 58.9 years. The minimum age was 13 and the maximum was 92. Most of the interventions were carried out in males (61.9%). Taking into account the anatomic location of the results and according to the genre, the bronchial difficulty was identified as the greatest altera-tion (27.7%) (n=195). According to the difficulty of the bronchial tree, the right lung looks affected in 71% of the whole population; the left lung was affected in 52.8%. The neumo-logist request to use fribrobroncoscopy as a diagnosis procedure was found more often in atelectasia (42.3%) (n=107). Among the therapy processes, bronchial purging is presented in 4.5% (n=32). There was a statistically significant relationship between the main diagnosis and age (p=0.00). Thus, there was a relationship between the main diagnosis and the year it was carried out (p=0.00). Conclusions: The age of the study population ranged between 13 and 92 years. Bronchial compromise was identified as the major alteration. Bronchoscopy as a diagnostic procedure, confirms the impression of atelectasis is showing statistically significant correlation between this diagnostic age ranges and the year of completion


Assuntos
Humanos , Broncoscopia , Diagnóstico , Achados Incidentais , Atelectasia Pulmonar
2.
Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública ; 28(3): 231-241, sept.-dic. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-594686

RESUMO

Se considera que el bajo nivel de conocimientos, la pobreza y la convivencia con animales domésticos constituyen factores condicionantes para la transmisión de enfermedad de Chagas. Objetivo: describir prácticas de autocuidado, conocimientos y factores de riesgo en una muestra de gestantes seronegativas con riesgo de adquirir enfermedad de Chagas en dos municipios de alta prevalencia: Moniquirá y Miraflores, en Boyacá, Colombia. Metodología: estudio de corte transversal analítico con muestra conformada por 154 gestantes bajo criterios de inclusión mediante muestreo secuencial aleatorio por conveniencia y recolección de datos a través de encuesta estructurada. Se estimaron frecuencias y promedios estratificados, con sus correspondientes medidas de dispersión. Resultados: hay predominio de factores de riesgo relacionados con permanencia en el municipio por más de un año (97%), hacinamiento (3,2%), convivencia con animales domésticos (73%) y silvestres (90%), presencia de posibles reservorios de insectos (61%) y cercanía de vegetación peridomiciliar (78%). También se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos municipios. Conclusiones: el estudio reveló que la población estudiada tiene conocimientos limitados sobre la enfermedad y su vector y, en frecuencias significativas, omite adelantar prácticas básicas de autocuidado, aunque demuestra interés en colaborar y en apropiar conocimientos y prácticas de autocuidado generales y específicas, con el propósito de mejorar la protección a través de medidas preventivas.


A low level of knowledge, poverty and living with pets are considered as conditioning factors for the transmission of Chagas disease. Objective: to describe self-care practices, knowledge and risk factors in a sample of seronegative pregnant women at risk of acquiring Chagas disease in two municipalities with high prevalence: Moniquirá and Miraflores in Boyacá, Colombia. Methodology: cross-sectional and analytical study based on a sample fulfilled by 154 pregnant women under criteria of inclusion. Data were collected through a structured survey accomplished by means of sequential random sampling. Stratified frequencies and averages were calculated according to their respective measures of dispersion. Results: there are predominance of risk factors associated with staying in the town for more than six months (97%), overcrowding (3,2%), living together with domestic animals (73%) and also with wild ones (90%), presence of potentially reservoir places for insects (61%), and proximity of vegetation around dwellings (78%). Statistically significant differences between the two municipalities were also found. Conclusions: the population under study has limited knowledge about the disease and its vector and according to significant frequencies, they also neglected basic self-care practices. Nevertheless, they show interest in cooperating with this purpose and acquiring general and specific knowledge and practices about self-care in order to improve protection through preventive measures.


Assuntos
Doença de Chagas , Fatores de Risco , Autocuidado
3.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 29(4): 513-522, dic. 2009. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-544558

RESUMO

Introducción. La principal vía de transmisión de la enfermedad de Chagas es por medio de los insectos vectores de la familia Reduviidae. Sin embargo, el parásito también puede ser transmitido de madres infectadas al feto in utero. Hasta la fecha no existen informes de casos de Chagas transplacentario en Colombia. Objetivo. Presentar un caso de transmisión transplacentaria ocurrido en Moniquirá, Boyacá, Colombia, y confirmarlo con el análisis de las cepas aisladas de la madre y de su bebé mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) con cebadores arbitrarios. Materiales y métodos. De los hemocultivos positivos de una madre chagásica y su hijo, se extrajo el ADN de los tripanosomas y se caracterizá la especie y grupo por PCR. El genotipo de las cepas se determinó mediante AP-PCR con los iniciadores basados en los genes de b-globina (5’-CCTCACCTTCTTTCATGGAG-3’) y del ARNr 16S (5’-ACGGGCAGTGTGTACAAGACC-3’), en reacciones diferentes. Resultados. Las cepas de Trypanosoma cruzi aisladas de los hemocultivos de la madre y de su hijo mostraron el mismo perfil de amplificación por ambas pruebas de AP-PCR, concordante con el observado en las cepas T. cruzi I utilizadas como control. En los hemocultivos procedentes del reción nacido se encontrá también T. cruzi II. Conclusiones. Éste es el primer caso de enfermedad de Chagas transplacentaria reportado en el municipio de Moniquirá, que demuestra que esta forma de transmisión ocurre en el país. La presencia de infección mixta por ambos grupos de T. cruzi en las muestras del recién nacido, sugiere infección mixta en la madre, con mayor prevalencia de T. cruzi I, al menos en el hemocultivo.


Introduction. The main route of Chagas disease transmission is through vectors of the insect family Reduviidae. However, the parasite can also be transmitted from infected mothers to their fetus in utero. Until now, no cases of congenital Chagas disease have been reported in Colombia. Objective. A congenital Chagas disease case occurred in Moniquirá County, Boyacá, Colombia. It was confirmed by comparing strains isolated from the mother and her baby using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with arbitrary primers. Materials and methods. The parasite DNA was extracted from positive blood cultures of the aflicted mother and her son. The species confirmation and group detection were performed by PCR. The strain genotypes were determined by AP-PCR with two oligonucleotides based on the genes for the b-globin (5’-CCTCACCTTCTTTCATGGAG-3’) and 16S RrNA (5’-ACGGGCAGTGTGTACAAGACC-3’), in differente reactions. Results. The T. cruzi strains isolated from the blood cultures of the mother and her son showed the same amplification profile by the two AP-PCR tests; this corresponded with profiles of the T. cruzi I strains used as controls. However, T. cruzi II was also found in the blood culture from the newborn. Conclusions. This is the first case of Chagas disease transmission reported in Moniquirá, demonstrating that this form of transmission occurs in Colombia. The presence of both groups of T. cruzi in the newborn sample suggests mixed infection in the mother as well, with a higher prevalence of T. cruzi I, at least in the mother's blood culture.


Assuntos
Doença de Chagas , Troca Materno-Fetal , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Trypanosoma cruzi , Colômbia
4.
Biomedica ; 29(4): 513-22, 2009 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20440449

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The main route of Chagas disease transmission is through vectors of the insect family Reduviidae. However, the parasite can also be transmitted from infected mothers to their fetus in utero. Until now, no cases of congenital Chagas disease have been reported in Colombia. OBJECTIVE: A congenital Chagas disease case occurred in Moniquirá County, Boyacá, Colombia. It was confirmed by comparing strains isolated from the mother and her baby using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with arbitrary primers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The parasite DNA was extracted from positive blood cultures of the afflicted mother and her son. The species confirmation and group detection were performed by PCR. The strain genotypes were determined by AP-PCR with two oligonucleotides based on the genes for the b-globin (5'-CCTCACCTTCTTTCATGGAG-3') and 16S RrNA (5'-ACGGGCAGTGTGTACAAGACC-3'), in different reactions. RESULTS: The T. cruzi strains isolated from the blood cultures of the mother and her son showed the same amplification profile by the two AP-PCR tests; this corresponded with profiles of the T. cruzi I strains used as controls. However, T. cruzi II was also found in the blood culture from the newborn. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first case of Chagas disease transmission reported in Moniquirá, demonstrating that this form of transmission occurs in Colombia. The presence of both groups of T. cruzi in the newborn sample suggests mixed infection in the mother as well, with a higher prevalence of T. cruzi I, at least in the mother's blood culture.


Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/congênito , Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Parasitemia/parasitologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/parasitologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Doença de Chagas/parasitologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , DNA de Protozoário/análise , DNA de Protozoário/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Troca Materno-Fetal , Gravidez , Trypanosoma cruzi/classificação , Trypanosoma cruzi/genética
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